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Association for Research in
Otolaryngology
Animal Research Committee
To inform members of changes or proposed
changes to federal regulations and policies
pertaining to the use of animals in
research
2004 Changes or Proposed
Changes
- NIH Revises Rules of Conflict
of Interest of Grant Peer Reviewers
- FDA Announces New Rates for
Animal Drug Application Fees
- Court Dismisses Suit to Force
USDA to Issue New NHP Regulations
- USDA Amends Rules on Blood and
Tissue Collection at Slaughtering and Rendering
Establishments
- HHS Creates New Advisory Board
to Improve Biosecurity in 'Dual Use'
Research
- USDA to Regulate the
Transportation of Animals on Foreign Air
Carriers
- Pet Safety and Protection Act
of 2004 Introduced in U.S. Senate
- FDA Issues Notice on New Rates
for Animal Drug Product, Establishment, and
Sponsor Fees
- NIH Panel on Conflicts of
Interest Releases Report
- Senate Judiciary Committee
Held Hearing on "ANIMAL RIGHTS: ACTIVISM VS.
CRIMINALITY"
- Ecoterrorism Prevention Act of
2004 Introduced in U.S. House of
Representatives
- USDA Issues Final Rule on the
Definition of Animal
- USDA Solicits Comments on
Animal Welfare Regulations and Standards for
Birds, Rats and Mice
- NIH Notice Issued Regarding
Submission of Animal Welfare Documents to
OLAW
- USDA issues notice of a
request for extension of approval to collect
information from foreign air carriers
transporting animals and solicits comments
regarding this activity
- USDA Issues Final Rule for
amending the Animal Welfare Act regulations
regarding inspection, licensing and procurement
of animals
- USDA extends the comment
period for its proposed rulemaking regarding the
regulation and standards for birds, rats and
mice
- Terrorism Against Animal-Use
Entities Prohibition Improvement Act of 2004
Introduced in U.S. House of
Representative
- FDA Announces Rates for Animal
Drug User Fees and Payment Procedures for Fiscal
Year 2005
- UK to Develop a National
Center on Alternative Methods
- Austria Adopts New Animal
Laws
- NIOSH Publishes Occupational
Safety and Health Resources
- AAALAC International
Restructures Its Executive Office
- NIH Revises Rules of
Conflict of Interest of Grant Peer Reviewers
The National Institutes of Health (NIH)
issued a final rule on January 5th, 2004,
effective February 4th, 2004, that revises 42
CFR Part 52h, the regulations governing
scientific peer review of research grant
applications, research and development contract
projects, and project proposals. The revised
regulation clarifies the review criteria and
revises conflict of interest requirements of
reviewers. [DHHS NIH. Final Rule. Scientific
Peer Review of Research Grant Applications and
Research and Development Contract Projects.
Federal Register 69(2), 272-278 (5 January
2004)]
- FDA Announces New Rates for
Animal Drug Application Fees
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Center for Veterinary Medicine announced the
following rates for animal drug application fees
for fiscal year (FY) 2004 (1 September 2003 to
30 September 2004) and payment procedures for
those fees: $61,000 for an animal drug
application and $30,500 for a supplemental
animal drug application for which safety or
effectiveness data are required. The Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the
Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003, Public Law
108-130, authorizes FDA to collect user fees for
certain animal drug applications, on certain
animal drug products, on certain establishments
where such products are made, and on certain
sponsors of such animal drug applications and/or
investigational animal drug submissions.
President Bush signed Public Law 108-199,
appropriating FY 2004 animal drug user fee
revenues, on 23 January. [FDA Center for
Veterinary Medicine. FDA announces animal drug
user fee rates for FY04. (18 February 2004).
http://www.fda.gov/cvm/index/updates/feesup.htm;
DHHS FDA. Notice. Establishment of Animal Drug
User Fee Rates for Applications for Fiscal Year
2004 and Payment Procedures. Federal Register
69(32):7646-7649.]
- Court Dismisses Suit to
Force USDA to Issue New NHP Regulations
On March 2nd, 2004, the US District Court in
Northern California dismissed a lawsuit filed by
the Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF) and the
Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) to force the US
Department of Agriculture (USDA) to issue new
Animal Welfare Act regulations to promote the
psychological well being of nonhuman primates
(NHP) by addressing physical environment, social
grouping, enclosures, and other issues. US
District Court Judge Phyllis Hamilton agreed
with the USDA and the National Association for
Biomedical Research (NABR) when she ruled that
the case lacked merit. Judge Hamilton dismissed
the case with prejudice, meaning that the suit
cannot be filed again in the United States.
[National Association for Biomedical
Research. News Alert. Court agrees with NABR,
dismisses primate case filed by ALDF and AWI. (2
March 2003)]
- USDA Amends Rules on Blood
and Tissue Collection at Slaughtering and
Rendering Establishments
Effective March 4th, 2004, the USDA amended
its regulations governing interstate
transportation of animals to establish
requirements for the collection of blood and
tissue samples from livestock (horses, cattle,
bison, captive cervids, sheep and goats, swine,
and other farm-raised animals) and poultry at
slaughtering and rendering establishments when
it is necessary for disease surveillance. The
amended rule specifies individuals transporting
livestock and poultry across state lines can
only deliver them to slaughtering or rendering
facilities that have been approved by the Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA
APHIS). USDA APHIS will only approve
establishments that provide the type of space
and facilities specified by the regulations to
safely collect blood and tissue samples for
disease testing. This amended rule is meant to
'to improve surveillance programs for animal
diseases, to contribute to the eventual control
or eradication of such diseases, and to assist
in certifying the status of the United States or
its regions with regard to freedom from specific
animal diseases.' [USDA APHIS. Final rule.
Blood and tissue collection at slaughtering and
rendering establishments. Federal Register
69(43), 10137-10151 (4 March 2004)]
- HHS Creates New Advisory
Board to Improve Biosecurity in 'Dual Use'
Research
On March 4th, 2004 US Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Tommy G.
Thompson announced the creation of the National
Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB)
to improve biosecurity measures related to
so-called 'dual use' research - legitimate
biological research that could be misused to
threaten public health or national security. The
HHS Secretary, with input from directors of
other federal departments and agencies, will
appoint board members, including up to 25 voting
members with specialties ranging from bioethics,
to law enforcement, to veterinary medicine. The
NSABB will also include nonvoting members
representing at least 15 federal departments and
agencies. The NSABB will be managed by NIH and
will be expected to advise the Secretary of HHS,
the director of NIH, and the heads of federal
departments and agencies that conduct or support
'dual use' biomedical research on the following
issues:
- strategies for local and federal
biosecurity oversight for all federally
funded or supported life sciences
research;
- development of guidelines for biosecurity
oversight of life sciences research and
[provision of] ongoing evaluation and
modification of these guidelines as
needed;
- strategies to work with journal editors
and other stakeholders to ensure the
development of guidelines for the
publication, public presentation and public
communication of potentially sensitive life
sciences research;
- development of guidelines for mandatory
programs for education and training in
biosecurity issues for all life scientists
and laboratory workers at federally funded
institutions; and
- development of a code of conduct for life
scientists and laboratory workers that can be
adopted by federal agencies as well as
professional organizations and institutions
engaged in the performance of life sciences
research domestically and
internationally."
HHS will extend its biosecurity policies
internationally on a voluntary and cooperative
basis through existing international scientific
and health organizations, and other relevant
international organizations. [http://www.biosecurityboard.gov/;
US Department of Health and Human Services. News
Release. HHS will lead government-wide effort to
enhance biosecurity in "dual use" research. (4
March 2004). http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2004pres/20040304.html]
- USDA to Regulate the
Transportation of Animals on Foreign Air
Carriers
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
reconfirmed the effective date (7 April 2004) in
their determination to regulate the
transportation of animals on foreign air
carriers and responded to comments received
since the period for their request for comments
ended (9 December 2003). [USDA APHIS.
Determination to regulate; confirmation of
effective date. Animal Welfare; Transportation
of Animals on Foreign Air Carriers. Federal
Register 69(66):17899-17901 (6 April
2004)]
- Pet Safety and Protection
Act of 2004 Introduced in U.S. Senate
On April 26th, 2004, Senator Daniel Akaka
(D-Hawaii) introduced the "Pet Safety and
Protection Act of 2004," S. 2346, which contains
provisions to amend the Animal Welfare Act.
S.
2346 currently has no co-sponsors and has
been referred to the Senate Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
Contributing to the stricter regulation of Class
B animal vendors, S 2346 would:
- Ban research facilities from obtaining
dogs or cats from dealers who do not breed
and raise the animals themselves;
- Require animal pounds to be registered by
the USDA in order to provide animals for
research;
- Prohibit private shelters from
voluntarily choosing to make animals
available for research;
- Permit individuals to donate dogs or cats
to research facilities only if they breed and
raise, and own them for more than one year;
and,
- Assess $1,000 fines for each violation of
the above items.
[S 2346. Pet Safety and Protection Act of
2004. 108th Congress, 2nd Session. (26 April
2004)]
- FDA Issues Notice on New
Rates for Animal Drug Product, Establishment,
and Sponsor Fees
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
announced fee rates and payment procedures for
animal drug product, establishment and sponsor
fees for fiscal year 2004. The Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Animal
Drug User Fee Act of 2003, Public Law 108-130,
authorizes FDA to collect user fees for certain
animal drug applications, on certain animal drug
products, on certain establishments where such
products are made, and on certain sponsors of
such animal drug applications and/or
investigational animal drug submissions.
President Bush signed Public
Law 108-199, appropriating FY 2004 animal
drug user fee revenues, on 23 January. [DHHS
FDA. Notice. Establishment of Animal Drug User
Fee Rates and Payment Procedures for Product,
Establishment, and Sponsor Fees for Fiscal Year
2004. Federal Register 69(81):22846-22849 (27
April 2004)]
- NIH Panel on Conflicts of
Interest Releases Report
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Blue
Ribbon Panel on Conflicts of Interest, chaired
by Bruce Alberts and Norman Augustine, presented
its final report to the Advisory Committee to
the Director (ACD) on May 6th, 2004. NIH
Director Elias Zerhouni, M.D. established the
Panel as part of the agency's inquiry into its
own conflict of interest policies after concerns
were raised in the media and Congress that some
NIH employees had financial relationships with
industry that could affect their work as
government employees and that represented
potential or actual conflicts of interest. The
report contains 18 recommendations for
correcting identified concerns and addressing
key policy issues. During the ACD's
deliberations, the Panel clarified and amplified
several of its points and responded to concerns
and questions raised by ACD members and
submitted its revised and final report on June
22nd, 2004. [http://www.nih.gov/about/ethics_COI_panelreport.pdf]
- Senate Judiciary Committee
Held Hearing on "ANIMAL RIGHTS: ACTIVISM VS.
CRIMINALITY"
The hearing on "Animal Rights: Activism vs.
Criminality" scheduled by the U.S. Senate
Committee on the Judiciary was held May 18th,
2004 and was presided over by Committee Chairman
Orrin G. Hatch (R-UT). Strong testimony was
presented on the subject of animal rights
extremism. At the outset of the hearing before
the full committee, Chairman Hatch stated his
concern that some fringe activists have moved
beyond protected speech and reasonable protest -
rights cherished by all - and are engaging in
criminal conduct. While vowing not to violate
rights that we collectively hold dear, Chairman
Hatch added, "… where political activism
breaches peaceful protest and dives headfirst
into criminal conduct, we can, should and will
use very mechanism available to prosecute the
individuals responsible." He concluded, "Our
task here today is to help identify and show the
line that distinguishes lawful expression and
protest from criminal behavior." Witnesses
including leaders of a restaurant company, a
biotechnology firm, and a university biomedical
research center describing the nature and
consequences of animal extremists' attacks
offered compelling personal accounts. Law
enforcement officials discussed the threat posed
currently by animal rights extremists, the
efforts of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) and its other federal, state and local law
enforcement partners to address that threat and
some of the difficulties being faced. John E.
Lewis, the FBI's Deputy Assistant Director for
Counterterrorism, stated: "The Animal Liberation
Front ... is our highest domestic terrorism
investigative priority." Mr. Lewis detailed
animal rights activists' use of "improvised
explosive devices" and "threats of more, larger
bombings and even potential assassinations of
researchers, corporate officers and employees."
At present, more than 34 FBI field offices have
over 190 pending investigations associated with
Animal Liberation Front/Earth Liberation Front
(ALF/ELF) activities. Mr. Lewis listed the
successful prosecutions to date, but also
outlined the inadequacies of existing statutes
to deal with these cases. McGregor W. Scott,
United States Attorney for the Eastern District
of California echoed Mr. Lewis using California
cases in which he has been involved. A letter
read by Senator Hatch from the Center for
Consumer Freedom included the following
statements: "A disturbing current of violence
runs beneath the surface of 'mainstream' animal
rights groups in the United States … And
some of these tax-exempt charities are providing
'material support or resources' to groups and
individuals whose activities fit the U.S.
Criminal Code's definition of 'domestic
terrorism'." For example, People for the Ethical
Treatment of Animals (PETA) has donated over
$150,000 to criminal activists - including the
terrorist Earth Liberation Front (ELF), and
individuals jailed for arson, burglary, and
attempted murder. Until last year, the Humane
Society of the United States (HSUS) was quietly
funding the operation of an Internet service,
which distributed official "communiqués"
from the Animal Liberation Front claiming
responsibility for criminal activities. At the
"Animal Rights 2003" national conference,
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
(PCRM) spokesman Jerry Vlasak publicly advocated
the murder of doctors who use animals in their
research, saying: "I don't think you'd have to
kill - assassinate - too many ... I think for 5
lives, 10 lives, 15 human lives, we could save a
million, 2 million, 10 million non-human lives."
The Center for Consumer Freedom has urged the
government to remove the tax exempt status
benefiting these organizations [http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearing.cfm?id=1196]
- Ecoterrorism Prevention
Act of 2004 Introduced in U.S. House of
Representatives
On May 20th, 2004, HR 4454, the "Ecoterrorism
Prevention Act of 2004" was introduced by Rep
George R. Nethercutt, Jr. (R-WA) and was
referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary
and the Committees on Ways and Means and
Science. HR 4454 would "amend title 18, United
States Code, to protect and promote the public
safety and interstate commerce by establishing
Federal criminal penalties and civil remedies
for certain violent, threatening, obstructive,
and destructive conduct that is intended to
injure, intimidate, or interfere with plant or
animal enterprises, and for other purposes."
[HR 4454. Ecoterrorism Prevention Act of
2004 (Introduced in House). 108th Congress, 2nd
Session. (20 May 2004); http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:h.r.04454:]
- USDA Issues Final Rule on
the Definition of Animal
On June 4th, 2004, the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) amended the
Animal Welfare Act (AWA) Regulations with a
final rule on its definition of animal. This
action brings the regulations in line with a
legislative provision included the Farm Security
and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L.
107-171), signed into law on May 13, 2002,
which amended the definition of animal to
specifically exclude rats of the genus Rattus
and mice of the genus Mus that had been bred for
use in research, and all birds - not exclusively
those bred for use in research. The final rule,
effective June 5th, 2004, narrows the scope of
the exclusion for birds to only those bred for
use in research. Thus, for the first time,
regulations will cover birds not bred for
research. In Sec. 1.1 the definition of 'animal'
is revised as follows: "Animal means any live or
dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig,
hamster, rabbit, or any other warmblooded
animal, which is being used, or is intended for
use for research, teaching, testing,
experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a
pet. This term excludes: birds, rats of the
genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus bred for
use in research, and horses not used for
research purposes, and other farm animals, such
as, but not limited to livestock or poultry,
used or intended for use as food or fiber, or
livestock or poultry used or intended for use
for improving animal nutrition, breeding,
management, or production efficiency, or for
improving the quality of food or fiber. With
respect to a dog, the term means all dogs,
including those used for hunting, security, or
breeding purposes." [USDA APHIS. Final rule.
Animal Welfare; Definition of Animal. Federal
Register 69(108):31513-31514 (4 June
2004).]
- USDA Solicits Comments on
Animal Welfare Regulations and Standards for
Birds, Rats and Mice
As a result of the final rule (4 June 2004)
issued by the USDA on its definition of
'animal', the USDA also published an advance
notice of proposed rulemaking on June 4th, 2004
soliciting comments from the public to aid in
the development of regulations and standards for
birds not specifically bred for use in research,
as well as for the humane handling, care,
treatment, and transportation of rats and mice
not bred for use in research. The comment period
ends on August 3rd, 2004. [USDA APHIS.
Advance notice of proposed rulemaking and
request for comments. Animal welfare;
regulations and standards for birds, rats, and
mice. Federal Register 69(108), 31537-31541 (4
June 2004).]
- NIH Notice Issued
Regarding Submission of Animal Welfare Documents
to OLAW
The Office of Extramural Research (OER)
issued a notice to inform NIH awardee
institutions holding Animal Welfare Assurances
in accordance with the Public Health Service
Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals of changes related to two required
documents. Since 1989, the Office of Laboratory
Animal Welfare (OLAW) has approved most
assurances for a period of five years, and under
the new provisions, they will now approve Animal
Welfare Assurances for periods of up to four
years. In addition, OLAW now strongly encourages
awardee institutions to use the calendar year
(1/1 to 12/31) for the reporting period of
annual reports to promote consistent reporting
periods. Consequently, annual reports, which are
due by the last day of the month immediately
following the end of the institution's reporting
period, will be due January 31st, unless
alternate arrangements have been made with OLAW
by submitting a letter or email to OLAW by
January 31st, 2005, indicating the institution's
preferred reporting period. [http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-04-052.html]
- USDA issues notice of a
request for extension of approval to collect
information from foreign air carriers
transporting animals and solicits comments
regarding this activity
On July 8th, 2004, the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued a notice
of a request for extension of approval to
collect information from foreign air carriers
for an additional 3 years from the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and solicited
comments regarding the value of APHIS'
information collection from foreign air carriers
involved in animal transportation. The USDA is
requiring foreign air carriers to comply with
the transportation standards that domestic
carriers must comply with and maintain records
pertaining to animal transport. Comments
concerning information collection may be
submitted until September 7th, 2004. [USDA
APHIS. Notice of Request for Extension of
Approval of an Information Collection; Federal
Register 69(130):41226-41227 (8 July
2004).]
- USDA Issues Final Rule for
amending the Animal Welfare Act regulations
regarding inspection, licensing and procurement
of animals
On July 14th, 2004, the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) published the
final rule effective 8/13/04 revising and
clarifying the exemptions from the licensing
requirements, the procedures for applying for
licenses and renewals, and the restrictions upon
the acquisition of dogs, cats, and other
animals. [USDA APHIS. Final Rule: Animal
Welfare; Inspection, Licensing, and Procurement
of Animals. Federal Register
69(134):42089-42102]
- USDA extends the comment
period for its proposed rulemaking regarding the
regulation and standards for birds, rats and
mice
On July 21st, 2004, the Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) extended the
comment period for its proposed rulemaking
regarding the regulation and standards for
birds, rats and mice not specifically excluded
from coverage under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
to November 1st, 2004. The extension is designed
to allow interested parties additional time to
prepare and submit comments regarding changes to
AWA regulations applying to the humane handling,
care, treatment, and transportation of birds,
rats and mice not specifically bred for
research. [USDA APHIS. Proposed Rule. Animal
Welfare; Regulations and Standards for Birds,
Rats, and Mice; Federal Register
69(139):43538-43539]
- Terrorism Against
Animal-Use Entities Prohibition Improvement Act
of 2004 Introduced in U.S. House of
Representative
Representative Sam Graves introduced H.R.
4883, the "Terrorism Against Animal-Use Entities
Prohibition Improvement Act of 2004" in the
House of Representatives on July 21st, 2004 to
amend title 18 of the U.S. Code. The bill
contains provisions that amend the Animal
Enterprise Protection Act by including economic
disruption of an animal enterprise as an
offense. It also increases fines and prison
terms for certain offenses. The bill was
introduced with no co-sponsors and has been
referred to the House Committee on the
Judiciary. [HR 4883, 108th Congress, 2nd
Session; (21 July 2004); http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:h.r.04883:]
- FDA Announces Rates for
Animal Drug User Fees and Payment Procedures for
Fiscal Year 2005
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
announced rates for animal drug user fees for
fiscal year (FY) 2005 and payment procedures for
those fees. Rates increased substantially
compared to the rates for 2004. The Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the
Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003, Public Law
108-130, authorizes FDA to collect user fees for
certain animal drug applications, on certain
animal drug products, on certain establishments
where such products are made, and on certain
sponsors of such animal drug applications and/or
investigational animal drug submissions.
[DHHS FDA. Notice. Establishment of Animal
Drug User Fee Rates and Payment Procedures for
Fiscal Year 2005. Federal Register
69(147):46147-46151 (2 August
2004).]
- UK to Develop a National
Center on Alternative Methods
Lord Sainsbury, Parliamentary Under-Secretary
of State for Science and Innovation for the UK's
Department of Trade and Industry, reported that
his office would soon announce plans for
developing a national center for replacement,
reduction, and refinement of animal experiments.
This follows the October 2003 plan of the
British Parliament to devote resources to
alternative methods. It remains to be determined
whether the new center will be free standing or
be a part of an existing organization.
[Adam, D. Centre to cut down on animal
research. The Guardian (26 February 2004);
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1156322,00.html]
- Austria Adopts New Animal
Laws
Austria has approved "far-reaching"
legislation affecting the treatment of animals
according to the Associated Press. The new law,
which takes effect in January, prohibits the use
of chains, choke collars or "invisible fences"
for dogs, as well as chicken caging called
"batteries", cropping dogs' ears and tails and
the use of lions, tigers and other wild animals
in circuses. Austria's four political parties
are said to have reached a compromise requiring
anesthesia during traditional Kosher and Halaal
(Muslim) animal slaughter, instead of banning
those practices. [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5077350]
- NIOSH Publishes
Occupational Safety and Health Resources
The National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) recently released a
manual and a companion site on its web page to
advise employers on methods used to assess and
measure the effectiveness of steps they have
taken to prevent work-related injuries and
illnesses. These materials may be important for
animal care personnel because injuries similar
to those described in these resources may occur
in laboratory animal facilities. The manual,
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004-135, was
developed by the Intervention Effectiveness Team
under the National Occupational Research Agenda
(NORA) and was formed by representatives from
NIOSH, industry, labor, and academia. The web
page www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-135/
provides the text of the manual in an
interactive format. [NIOSH. Guidance for
Assessing Safety, Health Fixes is Offered by
NIOSH Through Web Site, Manual. (15 March 2004).
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-03-15-04.html]
- AAALAC International
Restructures Its Executive Office
The Association for Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
International (AAALAC) has reorganized its
Council on Accreditation into North American and
European Sections. The European Section of the
Council on Accreditation, which will be based in
AAALAC's Brussels' office will conduct site
visits to European organizations applying for or
renewing their accreditation. AAALAC Senior
Director Kathryn A. Bayne, MS, PhD, DVM will
relocate to Hawaii to assume the duties of
Director of Pacific Rim Activities and Associate
Director for Accreditation. The North American
Section, which will continue to operate out of
AAALAC's Executive Office in Rockville, MD, will
conduct site visits in the United States,
Canada, and other international locations.
[AAALAC International. AAALAC International
forms European and North American Sections of
the Council on Accreditation. (8 March 2004).
http://www.aaalac.org/pr030804.htm]
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